Use of AI Tools

For authors

• AI tools (such as chatbots or large language models) cannot be listed as authors, because they cannot take responsibility for the work.
• Authors may use AI tools to improve language and readability. Any other use, for example to generate text, analyse data or create images, must be described in the methods or acknowledgements, naming the tool.
• Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy, originality and correct citation of everything in the manuscript, including any AI-assisted content.
• Fabricated references, data or images produced by AI are treated as research misconduct.

For reviewers and editors

Manuscripts are confidential. Reviewers and editors must not upload manuscripts, or parts of them, to AI tools that could store or reuse the content. The scientific judgement in a review must be the reviewer's own.